DVIGATELESTROENIYE # 1 (239) 2010

SYNOPSIS

ANALYSES, DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF ENGINES

Keywords: diesel engine, air-fuel mixing, turbulent heat-mass exchange, combustion kinetics. The article discusses chemical turbulent heat-mass exchange method as applied to modelling of in-cylinder processes in diesel engines with direct fuel injection. Synthesis of chemical combustion kinetics, turbulence and heat-mass exchange yields profiles of velocity, air-to-fuel ratio, temperature and composition of combustion products for engine operating cycle.

Keywords: vehicle diesel engines, loading cycles, damaging impact, constructional reliability. Statistical processing of typical vehicle engine duty cycles enabled synthesis of standard loading cycle block that determines damaging impact. The data yielded may be used to estimate service life of vehicle engine cylinder heads.

Keywords: internal combustion engine, mechanical efficiency, hydrodynamic and interfacial lubrication regimes. Method is offered to estimate respective mechanical losses involved in hydrodynamic and interfacial lubrication regimes in diesel engine. The method allowed to derive linear dependences between lube oil viscosity and mechanical losses in different lubrication regimes. Friction losses in interfacial lubrication regime are shown as several times as high as those in fluid lubrication regime.

Keywords: internal combustion engine, bush bearings, lowering of friction losses, epilams. The article discusses P.A.Rebinder effect in bush bearings of high-powered turbocharged diesel engines, caused by lube oil surfactant additives. Due to surfactant adsorption, dynamics of load application to bearing oil layer becomes an additional criterion for evaluation of P.A.Rebinder effect.

Keywords: transport, modelling, automotive engine speed characteristics. The authors offer analytic dependences to present automotive engine speed characteristics. Derived set of equations is compatible with car movement mathematical models, dynamic models of transmission and other models descriptive of operation of automotive engines to power various vehicles.

FUEL. LUBRICANTS

Keywords: alternative motor fuels, environmental impact of transport, liquefied natural gas. Results are presented of a research in issues involved in conventional and alternative fuels, including respective natural resources. A variety of alternative fuels are compared in terms of their exploitability. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is demonstrated to be the cheapest, most environment-friendly and versatile motor fuel.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ISSUES

Keywords: marine diesel engines, failure statistics, fuel delivery system, functional reliability. A peer review has been carried out of engine reliability as a function of availability of its systems' components, based on failure statistics. Marine engine reliability is shown as primarily determined by fuel system failures. Failure data are presented in the form of infallibility and repairability factors, as well as integrated reliability indicators.

ENGINE BUILDING HISTORY

Keywords: externally heated engines, history of invention and progress, development prospects. Externally heated engines are growingly popular with various industries. They are multifuel and capable of operation without any contact with the environment, which puts them beyond comparison in such applications as submarines, spacecraft, and solar energy transformation systems. Also quickly developing are freezing technologies based on Stirling engine process.